Free tool
Parkland formula calculator.
24-hour LR volume for burn resuscitation. Half in the first 8 hours from time of burn.
Patient weight
%TBSA burned
%
Count partial- and full-thickness only.
24-hour total (LR)
5,600 mL
First 8 hours
2,800 mL
≈ 350 mL/hr
Next 16 hours
2,800 mL
≈ 175 mL/hr
Clock starts at time of burn, not arrival. Titrate to urine output ~0.5 mL/kg/hr (adult).
Rule of nines (adult)
Head/neck: 9%
Each arm: 9%
Chest: 9%
Abdomen: 9%
Upper back: 9%
Lower back: 9%
Each leg (front): 9%
Each leg (back): 9%
Groin: 1%
Pediatric rule of nines shifts weight to the head (18%) and reduces legs (13.5% each). Use the palm rule (~1% TBSA per patient's palm) for scattered burns.
Frequently asked
- What is the Parkland formula?
- 4 mL × body weight (kg) × %TBSA burned = total lactated Ringer's over 24 hours. Give the first half in the first 8 hours from time of burn (not time of arrival), and the second half over the next 16.
- Which burns count toward %TBSA?
- Partial-thickness (2nd degree) and full-thickness (3rd degree) burns count. Superficial (1st degree, red without blistering) burns are NOT included in the calculation.
- What fluid does Parkland use?
- Lactated Ringer's. Normal saline in large volumes causes hyperchloremic acidosis and is not the standard resuscitation fluid for burns.
- Does 8 hours start from the burn or from arrival?
- From the time of the burn. If a patient arrives 2 hours post-burn, you have 6 hours left to deliver the first half of the calculated volume.
For educational and exam-preparation use only. Not medical advice. Always follow local protocols and medical direction.