Pediatric Vital Signs Cheat Sheet for EMS

Age-based normal ranges for heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure — plus the shortcuts that let you remember them cold.

April 2, 2026 · 5 min read

Kids compensate until they crash. The only way to catch decompensation early is knowing what normal looks like at each age.

Heart rate (awake)

  • Newborn: 100–205
  • Infant (1–12 mo): 100–180
  • Toddler (1–3 yr): 90–150
  • Preschool (3–5 yr): 80–140
  • School age (6–12 yr): 70–120
  • Adolescent: 60–100

Respiratory rate

  • Infant: 30–60
  • Toddler: 24–40
  • Preschool: 22–34
  • School age: 18–30
  • Adolescent: 12–16

Minimum systolic BP

Use the classic formula: 70 + (2 × age in years) for kids 1–10. Below that number, you have hypotension until proven otherwise.

The shortcut that always works

If a child looks bad, they are bad. The Pediatric Assessment Triangle beats every vital sign in the first five seconds — appearance, work of breathing, circulation to skin.

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